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Spousal and Survivor Benefits, in Plain English

The two rules that matter: a husband or wife can receive up to 50% of their spouse’s full-retirement-age benefit while both are alive — and a widow or widower can receive up to 100% of what the deceased spouse was collecting. Divorced? You may qualify on an ex’s record if the marriage lasted 10 years.

Spousal benefits, in plain English

If your own benefit is small (or you never worked for pay), you can receive a benefit based on your spouse’s record — up to half of their full-retirement-age amount. You get the higher of your own benefit or the spousal amount, not both stacked. Claiming a spousal benefit before your own full retirement age shrinks it, and it does not grow past your full retirement age — there is no reason to wait beyond 67 for a spousal benefit.

SituationWhat you can receive
Married, spouse’s FRA benefit is $2,400Up to $1,200/month spousal (at your FRA)
Divorced after 10+ years of marriage, unmarried nowSame up-to-50% rule on the ex’s record — without affecting their checks or their new family’s
Widowed, spouse collected $2,400Up to $2,400/month survivor benefit (at your FRA)

Survivor benefits — the rule that changes claiming strategy

When one spouse dies, the survivor keeps the larger of the two checks — not both. That is why the higher earner delaying to 70 is often a gift to the surviving spouse: the boosted check becomes the survivor’s income for life. Survivors can claim as early as 60 (50 if disabled), reduced for early claiming, and a remarriage after age 60 does not end eligibility.

Three things people get wrong

  1. “My ex claiming on my record costs me money.” It does not — their benefit never touches yours.
  2. “I can take my own at 62 and switch to spousal later for more.” Since the 2015 law change, filing generally counts as filing for both — the switch-up strategy is mostly gone.
  3. “Survivor and spousal are the same thing.” Different programs, different maximums (50% vs 100%), different earliest ages (62 vs 60).
Your benefits, explained for you

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